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1，顶帽

import cv2 as cvimport numpy as npdef hat_gray_demo(image): #基于灰度图像的顶帽操作    gray = cv.cvtColor(image, cv.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)    kernel = cv.getStructuringElement(cv.MORPH_RECT, (15, 15))    dst = cv.morphologyEx(gray, cv.MORPH_TOPHAT, kernel)    cimage = np.array(gray.shape, np.uint8)    cimage = 120;    dst = cv.add(dst, cimage)    cv.imshow("tophat_gray", dst)def hat_binary_demo(image):#基于二值图像的黑帽帽操作    gray = cv.cvtColor(image, cv.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)    ret, binary = cv.threshold(gray, 0, 255, cv.THRESH_BINARY | cv.THRESH_OTSU)    kernel = cv.getStructuringElement(cv.MORPH_RECT, (15, 15))    dst = cv.morphologyEx(binary, cv.MORPH_BLACKHAT, kernel)    cv.imshow("blackhat_binary", dst)def gradient_demo(image):  #基本梯度    gray = cv.cvtColor(image, cv.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)    ret, binary = cv.threshold(gray, 0, 255, cv.THRESH_BINARY | cv.THRESH_OTSU)    kernel = cv.getStructuringElement(cv.MORPH_RECT, (3, 3))    dst = cv.morphologyEx(binary, cv.MORPH_GRADIENT, kernel)    cv.imshow("gradient", dst)def gradient2_demo(image):    kernel = cv.getStructuringElement(cv.MORPH_RECT, (3, 3))    dm = cv.dilate(image, kernel)    em = cv.erode(image, kernel)    dst1 = cv.subtract(image, em) # internal gradient    dst2 = cv.subtract(dm, image) # external gradient    cv.imshow("internal", dst1)    cv.imshow("external", dst2)src = cv.imread("F:/images/lena.png")cv.namedWindow("input image", cv.WINDOW_AUTOSIZE)cv.imshow("input image", src)hat_gray_demo(src)hat_binary_demo(src)gradient_demo(src)gradient2_demo(src)cv.waitKey(0)cv.destroyAllWindows()

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